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Osteochondosis of the lumbar column - signs, diagnosis and treatment

Signs and symptoms of osteochondosis of the lumbar column

Lumbar osteochondrosis is a common disease of the musculoskeletal system.The lumbar vertebral column is more susceptible to lesions due to good mobility.In addition, with improper and prolonged seats in combination with a low -level lifestyle, the accelerated wear of the cartilage tissue occurs, which in the end leads to osteochondosis.

You should know how to recognize the first signs to promptly receive qualified medical care.

Short information on the osteochondosis of the Lumbosacral column

Back pain is one of the most common complaints of patients with traumatologist.The second name of the syndrome is the dorsalgia of the intervertebral records.According to statistics, on average 8 out of 10 people during their life at least once complained about the discomfort in the lumbar area.About a third of the patients who saw the doctor, pain syndrome acquires a persistent pathological character, causing serious discomfort and painful conditions in the patient.Longarra on pain not only can cause physical torments, but also cause mental instability.

Since the cartilage fabric loses strength and elasticity, it begins to gradually become thinner and collapse.Consequently, cracks occur in the fibrous rings of the intervertebral discs.Over time, under pressure, the fibrous ring extends, protrudes and bursts.If the content of the fibrous ring is a pulpic nucleus, it is formed, a hernia is formed.For this reason, osteochondosis increases the possibility of appearance of these formidable complications.

The causes of the occurrence of the disease

In most cases, osteochondosis has a hereditary nature.It has been shown that if direct relatives suffered from degenerative diseases of the musculoskeletal system, their children more often meet pathologies of the spine.

Other cases have extrovertibral reasons:

  1. Maintain an improper posture.
  2. Excessive muscle overestures associated with great physical effort at work or when playing sports.
  3. Wrong and frequent weight lifting.
  4. One of the most common reasons is hypodynamia.The lack of movement and minimal physical activity often lead to problems with the spine that do sports.
  5. Previously transferred inflammatory infections - tuberculosis or osteomyelitis, contribute to the manifestation of degenerative processes in the spine.In this case, osteochondrosis will have an infectious nature and will be a complication.
  6. Hormonal perestroika can cause a lumbosacral sacredo obscondosis.This phenomenon is more often associated with certain periods of age.A frequent example is to enter menopause.After the cessation of monthly cycles, a woman has a drop in the hormones of sex steroids, due to which football practically stops being absorbed by the body.The reserves in the bones are washed intensely.As a result, if you do not put a woman in the GZT, it will earn not only the osteochondosis of the lower back, but also osteoporosis.The risk of osteochondrosis increases with the frequent use of synthetic glucocorticosteroids.The risk increased during puberty with a lack of nutrition, with an exhaustive physical effort in combination with a hard diet and when old age occurs.
  7. The presence of congenital pathologies of the crest, including a tropism anomaly.
  8. Feet and scoliosis.
  9. The weak structure of the bones caused by a nutrition deficit or on the background of the amenorrhea in women.
  10. Premature wear of vertebrates and joints.
  11. The pressure of the preparation of the mobile spine, which significantly increases the risk of injuries.
  12. Weak abdominal muscles.
  13. The presence of rare pathologies, including a narrow spinal canal, peridural fusion, spondylolist, oncology or tumor of the spine, neuromyositis.
  14. The presence of endocrine disorders - obesity and non -compensated hypothyroidism.
  15. Previously he underwent crest injuries, ligaments, joints, tendons.
  16. Poor power and frequent psycho -emotional stress.
  17. Changes related to the degenerative age.

There are also some risk groups associated with harmful professional activities.Examples are manufacturers, engines, IT, waiters, teachers.To minimize the risk of these diseases, it is necessary to properly distribute the load on the back and engage in moderate physical activity.

Symptoms of lumbar osteochondosis

The disease has many symptoms, therefore separately it is necessary to highlight the classification according to the type of pain:

  1. Ischemic syndromeAssociated with the compression of the arteries that pass through the vertebrae.As a result of the occurrence, a persistent deterioration of blood circulation appears, due to which nutrition is disturbed in the lower limbs.Blood pressure can be increased.
  2. Vertebrate syndromeassociated with deformations that occur in the nerves and vessels.With prolonged negative effects, posture changes, the back bends, the changes of the pace and the muscles without physical activity are atrophy.As a result, the patient begins to feel severe pain.
  3. Static syndrome.Pathological mobility develops in the vertebrae, which can occur encrypts or lordosis.During the development of the pathology, the vertebral column is gradually deformation, since in addition to the curvature in the vertebrae, improper muscle fixation occurs in the areas concerned.The consequences of a static syndrome: the rear is twisted and a person is no longer able to straighten it alone.
  4. Neurological syndromeassociated with the pinch of nerve roots.If the pressure on nerve endings occurs, patient sensitivity decreases, the appearance of weakness in the limbs can occur.In serious cases, paralysis, chills and complete loss of conductivity are observed against the background of the damage to the nerve fibers.

The general symptoms of the osteochondrosis of the lumbar column include the following events:

  1. Severe pain in the lower part of the rear, including the entire lumbar region with possible return to the sacred.
  2. With the development of the root syndrome, there are acute pains that give bastards to the lower limbs.The legs usually catch cramps.In the fingers there is numbness and paresthesia.Less often, pain gives to his hands.
  3. Renal pain irradiation is possible.The patient can complain about the problems of the urinary system, which are not confirmed during diagnosis.
  4. The patient is tormented by a bad dream due to the discomfort in the lumbar region.
  5. The patient feels tension and fatigue in the lumbar region.
  6. When you turn your back and inclinations, you make the rigidity and tension felt.
  7. The feet occur periodically on the back.
  8. After less physical activity, the patient feels serious effort.There is also chronic fatigue in everyday life.
  9. With further progression of the disease, the patient has pain at rest in the lumbar region.
  10. The limbs often become insensitive and the patient often has a pathological creaking in the back.
  11. Violation of the motor function due to discomfort in the lower part of the rear.
  12. Muscle cramps and spasms.
  13. Dizziness and headache.
  14. Reduce the tone of the back muscles and the lower limbs.

Any similar symptoms require an appeal to the doctor.There are also specific signs associated with the genre.Men have problems in the parental sphere, which can negatively influence power.Women have severe pain in the perineum and in the pelvis, which also indicates damage to nerve endings.In advanced cases, the prolapse of the internal bodies occurs, including the uterus and appendages.This is due to strong atrophic processes in the muscles that support the spine.

Variety of syndromes and symptoms of the osteocondrosis of the lumbar column

By type and nature of pain, these pathological conditions share:

  1. Lumbago- It is characterized by an acute state.The characteristic signs are the inability to move from the pain that occurs against the background of the bastards.This condition develops more often against the background of muscle atrophy, injuries, pinch of nerve roots and intervertebral discs.
  2. Lumagly- Pathology characterized by long and painful pain.Most often low back pain occurs against the background of osteochondrosis, hernia, spondylosis or protrusion.With the length of the binding apparatus, the syndrome is more common.
  3. Sciatica.This type of pain syndrome is characteristic of the lumbosacral area.The syndrome is often confused with ISHIA, which is characterized by a fire pain caused by a pinch of nerve roots.Pain syndrome is more often associated with a pinching of the sciatic nerve, which significantly worsens mobility in the lumbar region.The patient cannot bend normally, since the mobility of the lumbar region worsens.It is also difficult to walk and sit normally.The pinching of the sciatic nerve leads to another unpleasant deterioration: the spasm of the pear -shaped muscle.As a result, a person has shots from the back of the calf muscles that pass through the thigh.The pace becomes lame, the socks of the legs turn to the sides and in the buttocks feel pain when you walk, run and sit.A global approach is required.
  4. Disagreementsassociated with the progression of dorsopathy.The first sign of this deterioration is the loss of sensitivity and numbness in the lower limbs.The back, the buttocks, the hips and the lower abdomen suffer.All these areas are permeated by constant discomfort.With a strong deterioration, signs of an inflammatory process occur: body temperature increases, weakness occurs in the body, urinary incontinence appears.The patient also worsens appetite, which leads to a decrease in body weight.In this situation, an integrated approach is also required in the treatment of the condition.
  5. RadicolopathyIt is also associated with the limitation of the motor skill of the spine and the tightening of nerve endings.As a result of the occurrence of this type of pain syndrome, the patient begins to feel pain in the lower part of the body, a decrease or a violation of motor reflections.There is a deterioration of the mobility of the joints and a decrease in muscle tone on a compression background due to the radicalitis.

All the above pain syndromes require urgent treatment, starting from the initial stages of the events.In fact, over time, the pathology is aggravated, due to which the course of the disease leads to a strong deterioration of the quality of life.

Osteochondosis of the lumbar column - development stadiums

The general classification of the disease in the phases includes these degrees of development of the osteochondosis of the lumbar:

  1. The first degree does not cause any physiological deterioration from the spine.The patient feels good and does not suspect the presence of problems with the spine.In the initial phase, active destructive processes arise.The octopus nucleus changes its position, gradually filtering through the microcracks of the fibrous ring.Previously in the article it was mentioned that before the occurrence of the disease, the patient has a violation of the metabolic processes, due to which the cartilage shell weakens and is covered by microocack.Consequently, over time the irritation of nerve endings appears, due to which the patient can feel the first signs of discomfort in the lumbar region.
  2. The osteochondrosis of the second stadium is characterized by the appearance of signs of instability of the lumbar region.There are dynamic movements in the vertebrae, compared to the section above and below.The patient has signs of compression syndrome and reflected disorders.
  3. In the patient, in event 3 of the pathology stadium, deteriorations associated with protruding the content of the fibrous ring towards the outside occur.Propes, prolapse or hernia appear.In the event of the third phase of the pathology, the roots of the spinal canal and blood vessels are squeezed.At this stage, serious pains associated with pinch and inflammation are already occurred.Strong mobility is also limited, the shelters arise in the lower limbs.
  4. The terminal phase is the fourth.In this phase, irreparable patophysiological changes are already present.The patient has pathologies of the bone system associated with the growth of bone-kerry bone vertebral bodies.Consequently, compensatory response reactions arise: the load is transferred to other weaker vertebrates.Stock, limitation of mobility in the breadth of the spine.Pathological bone growths are taken on the vascular canal and nerve endings, which significantly rank the symptomatic course of the pathology.

Lumbar osteochondrosis - diagnosis

When the patient comes from the doctor, he prescribes a series of laboratory exams on the basis of the history assembled to identify the osteochondosis of the sacred lumbar of the spine:

  1. X -raggi.This is a basic analysis that allows you to evaluate the condition of the spine in general terms.X -Ray will not show small and initial pathological changes, but will identify gross violations in the bone tissue.If the image shows signs of cancellation of vertebrates or darkening that do not correspond to normal dimensions, other studies are needed.
  2. Computerized tomography.This is a more advanced version of the X -ray image, which allows you to see the smallest negative changes in the bone tissue on the destruction site, since the images are taken in a three -dimensional image.
  3. Magnetic resonance imaging tomography.This type of diagnosis is close to the CT, but allows you to better consider soft tissues.Magnetic resonance imaging distinguishes between deteriorations of osteochondrosis, including hernias and protrusion.This type of diagnosis is sufficient to carefully carry out a diagnosis associated with the degenerative destruction of the bone oil tissue.
  4. Leading laboratory testsBased on biomaterial.Patients often pass a blood test and general urine to check the basic indicators.These data allow you to superficially evaluate the patient's health.
  5. Delivery of rheumatological samples.It is necessary to analyze to eliminate the rheumatoid nature of the pathology.

After the inspection and conduct of the necessary tests, they make a final diagnosis.

Treatment of the osteocondrosis of the lumbar

In the treatment of pathology, an integrated approach is required.In the 1-2 phases, conservative treatment is used with the use of medicines and physiotherapy in the recovery period.In the presence of 3 or 4 phases, if the patient has serious health deterioration indicators, surgery is needed.

Pharmacological treatment of the pathological process

In the event of damage to the intervertebral discs, which occurred against the background of the osteocondrosis of the lumbosacral department, the use of a large list of medicines is shown.Some products are used for symptomatic therapy, others to maintain health.

Which drugs prescribe:

  1. Non steroid, analgesic anti -inflammatory drugs.These drugs greatly facilitate the patient's condition, especially in the acute period.Thanks to the pronounced effect of this type of drug, it is possible to quickly calm the pain within 1-2 days.Generally, patients are prescribed by fans of the type of selective action, since they damage the mucous membrane of the stomach mucous membrane.If the old indifferent fans cannot be used for more than 5 days, the new generation drugs can be drunk for 2-3 weeks without fear of the consequences for a healthy gastrointestinal tract.In the presence of gastritis or ulcers, it is better to be safe and use gastroprotectors, proton pump inhibitors.
  2. Musorelassant- Drugs designed to eliminate painful muscle cramps.With osteochondrosis, an improper distribution of the load on the muscle corset associated with the weakness of the spine of the spine occurs.As a result, some muscles are blocked, while others are in the hypotonus.To relieve painful spasm, muscle relaxation is prescribed.The duration of the course of treatment and the scheme for taking pills are selected by the attending physician.
  3. Neurotropic vitamins.These means include vitamins of lumberjack, thiamin, cianocobalamina and pyridossin.With combined B1, B6 and B12 use in large dosages, an analgesic effect occurs.The components positively influence the nerve finals, nourishing them.These vitamins also participate in the construction of myelin shells that cover the nerves.These drugs are mainly prescribed for root syndrome, when it is necessary to alleviate the pain associated with pinches of nerves.For 2-3 weeks, injection agents are used and therefore they move on to oral release forms.
  4. Condroprotectors.These drugs have protective properties in relation to cartilage.If there are clear signs of cartilage degeneration, it is necessary to prescribe the chondroprotectors with a long course.First of all, the injection agents are used for 2-3 months and then move on to tablets.The minimum course of use is six months with a break of several months.The current components in the composition are the condroitin sulphate and the glucoseamine hydrochloride.The reception and dosage patterns are selected individually.
  5. Calcium in combination with vitamin D3.These components serve to strengthen bone tissue.With age, due to bone wear, malnutrition and hormonal deficiency, the fragile of the bones has improved.The main construction material is football.Without it, it is impossible to obtain a strong bone corset.In order for calcium preparations to be absorbed, vitamin D3 must be taken.To avoid the deficiency of Colecalciferol, it is necessary to visit the sun regularly in the summer and winter to take on further vitamins.
  6. Complex polyvitamins.There are research data that the constant intake of vitamins in natural or synthetic form in physiological doses strengthens immunity during the seasonal exacerbations of SAR, acute respiratory infections.People with lumbosacral column diseases should carefully monitor their health.
  7. Block with anestheticsThey are performed with a poorly cut pain syndrome using fans.The intra -articular injections of corticosteroids relating to blocks are also effective.These means help to calm the inflammation, which accelerates recovery in the acute period.Block performance should be performed by a highly qualified doctor with vast experience in their use.It is recommended to perform the block under the control of ultrasound so as not to enter other parts of the spine.These treatment methods will help quickly get rid of chronic pain.
  8. Follow and special gels.With the help of local funds, you can also successfully fight chronic pain syndrome of moderate and weak power.Different products are cooled or heated, which generally allows the use regularly with external drugs.The use of drugs on the surface of the skin allows you to use them for a long time.These drugs are not practically absorbed in the systemic blood flow, therefore they do not cause side effects.It is important to pay attention to the skin conditions after applying the medicine.If there is a rash or itching, it is necessary to cancel the drug.

Omeopathy or antispasmodic can also be prescribed.The diagram to take drugs is determined by the doctor on an individual basis.

Conservative non -drug treatment methods

During the recovery period, physiotherapy procedures must be used that help to improve blood circulation and normalize metabolic processes in the tissues concerned.Active recovery methods are used exclusively after interrupting acute pain.Support to conservative treatment softens the chronic course of the disease, which prevents subsequent attacks.

Active rehabilitation methods include:

  1. Lead the physical education of physiotherapy.With the development of lumbar osteocondrosis, special exercises are needed that improve the bloodstream that level the posture and support the muscles in the tone.Initially LFK must be carried out under the supervision of an instructor, including safety rules.The exercises are performed in the erect position, sitting or lying, depending on the complex assigned by a specialist.If the patient is experimented, he can lead gymnastics at home.You shouldn't ignore the useful part of the lesson: hot -Up and hitch.After a good heat, the muscles are protected by tears and distortions.The last phase of the execution accelerates the recovery processes in the muscles.With regular exercises, the muscles become strong, due to which pain in the back weakens.
  2. Massage- A way to relax the muscle tissue aimed in contact conditions.A specialist with the help of the hands improves blood flow in the muscles, which allows you to remove a strong overvoltage.The massages in combination with muscle relaxants are more effective.These drugs eliminate spasm and spasticity.Additional stimulation with your hands enhances the effect of the drug.It is recommended to visit the masseur several times a year in courses so that a constant effect occurs.
  3. Manual therapy.Using this method of exposure, it is possible to unlock the muscles, not taking into account the degree of their resistance.Unlike massage, this method is violent, although effective.With a neglected lumbar osteochdrosis, it is dangerous to use manual treatment practices if the specialist does not have enough experience.Before contacting a manual therapist, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with the list of contraindications, including hypertension, heart disease and the presence of an hernia in the lumbar region.
  4. Physiotherapy procedures.With the help of physiotherapy, it is possible to improve local blood flow in the affected area without affecting other areas of the rear.The essence of physiotherapy is simple: they combine methods and drugs for hardware treatment.Examples are the electrophoresis.Under the influence of a laser of a certain frequency, the medicines are administered through the skin.More often uses group B vitamins. The device allows you to enter the skin of the skin to medicines without creating a systemic effect on the body.Magnetotherapy and shock wave therapy are also related to physiotherapy methods.The frequencies irradiated accelerate regeneration processes in the joints and ligaments without causing side effects.

As part of the complex treatment, acupuncture, irudotherapy or homeopathy can be prescribed.

When surgery is performed

Operations are necessary in advanced cases in which the patient is tormented by serious neurological syndromes that have arisen against the background of lumbar osteocondrosis.If the patient has a complication in the form of hernia, the limbs began to be taken away and the sensitivity of the intestine or bladder was disturbed, it is urgently hospitalized.In this case, the operation is performed according to life indicators.

There are also related indications for surgery.Examples are frequent numbness of the limbs, constant discomfort in the rear, which is not susceptible to conservative treatment, partial loss of sensitivity in the fingers.In this case, you can independently decide the surgical treatment.

Lumbar osteochondrosis is a serious pathology that requires an integrated approach to therapy.In the initial phases, medicinal and physiotherapy are prescribed.If the disease is quickly progressing, surgery may be necessary.